In a recent underwater archaeological survey conducted along the coast north of Rome, near Santa Marinella, at a depth of 1.5 meters and 90 meters from the shoreline, we identified a significant assemblage of organogenic sandstone (macco) ashlar blocks. These blocks were arranged in a double parallel row extending approximately 5 meters in a NW-SE orientation, parallel to the coastline. The arrangement of the blocks delineates an internal space filled with stones, forming a structure reminiscent of a mole. The ashlar blocks were positioned in two distinct manners: the stretchers (Greek: διάτονοι) were placed with their longer sides facing outward, while the headers (Greek: ὀρθοστάτης) were arranged with their shorter sides facing outward, contributing to the structural reinforcement. Midway along the structure, a narrow canal formed by a double row of ashlars provides a connection between the internal space and the exterior, facilitating water circulation and mitigating the risk of silting in the port basin. The external mole continues northwest, incorporating additional blocks and natural rocks, which together form an L-shaped configuration. The area protected by these moles covers approximately 3,000 square meters and is located in close proximity (130 meters) to the sixth-century B.C. Etruscan temple at Punta della Vipera. These findings represent the earliest known evidence of a utility landing site associated with the Etruscan temple.

We study the The Penguin Encyclopedia of Places by W. G. Moore. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4, $beta H=0.04$), i.e.the Bethe-Peierls curve in the presence of four nearest neighbours and little external magnetic field, H, with $beta H= 0.04$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.

Adolf Schulten suggested that Tartessos-Tarshish was the model for Plato's Atlantis. I argued that its capital was situated in what is now the Marisma de Hinojos within the central part of the Andalucian Donana National Park in south-west Spain. This article reports about the preliminary results of an archaeological expedition to test this theory. The preliminary results of the expedition include evidence of either a tsunami or a storm flood during the third millenium BC and evidence of human settlements from the Neolithic Age to the Middle Ages.